31 Mar 2011

Mountains Apuseni

Integrated part of the “Romanian Carpathian block”, Apuseni mountains dispose of a various gamut of touristic resources resulted from the features of the natural frame, as well as from the specific of the economic and spiritual activities of the population.

The natural touristic potential of Apuseni Mountains is dominated by the particular feature that is revealed by the relief. The great frequency of the calcareous formations, their extension and the different action of the external agents generated numerous forms of relief: caves, slopes, canyons, careens fields, dolines, subterranean courses, blazes, burrows. The most important habitats with these touristic values are represented on the karsts platform Padis-Scarisoara-Batrana from the central compartment of Bihor, Padurea Craiului mountains ( the caves Meziad, Vantlui, Vadu Crisului and Crisul Repede keys) Codru-Moma mountrains (caves, dolie, blazes-Mondeasa, Zimbru, Tarcasele, Calugari), Trascau mountains (the tops Bedeleu, Trascau, isolated mountains and Klippe-Ampoita summit, Turda canyon, Ampoiului, Rametilor).
Also the relief of Metaliferi, Zarandului Mountains and Gilau- Muntele Mare is imposing in the landscape trough towering summits (Vulcan, Grohat) and trough remains from old volcanic craters, as trough the landscapes strongly humanized, particularized trough the multitude of the well known “thickets”.
From the great diversity of touristic patrimony are detached objectives generated by the nature of the calcareous rocks depending on the territorial concentration that distinguish some areas of maximum density. The highest density is recorded in the interior of Bihor massive, containing Ghetarul de la Scarisoara – element of great scientific and touristic interest, Cetatile Ponorului from the famous area of the highland with the gulfs Bortig, Negrasi, the caves ”Ghetarul de la Barsa” Zapodia, Focul Viu, Izbucnirile Ponor and Ursului, Valea Galbena with canyon aspect, Ordancusei keys.
In the immediate closeness of “Pasisului” was “Cetatea Radesei” and in Padurea Craiului mountains, in Moma woods and on the western flank of Bihor mountains formed numerous caves of a great speleological and touristic interest, trough are remarked Meziad, Pestera Vantului, Vadu Crisului, Pestera Ursilor the caves from Sighisteiului defile and from the area Vascau-Monesa (Izbucul Calugari, Pestera cu lilieci- “The cave with bats”)
Another main area is the one of Bedeleu-Trascau mountains, in which distinguished trough its picturesque the keys of Turda, Remetilor, Tecsesti, Amfoitei, the caves Huda lui Papara and Liliecilor, the cliffs with columnar aspect from Intregalde. From the objectives connected by the volcanic activity is “Detunatele” reservation of great scientific interest.
A special importance is the estimations of the touristic potential of Apuseni mountains is given also by the mineral waters from Geoagiu, Vata de jos and Moneasa, which therapeutic proprieties favored the development of notorious balneal resorts, asked for by a great amount of tourists.
The picturesque of the landscape is completed by rich vegetation represented by the alternation of the beech and conifers forests with mountainous meadows. From the flora of this region with protection regime are remarked the reservations from Trascau and Cheile Turzii, from Negrileasa, Piatra Cetii and Intregalde.
The touristic potential of anthropic emanation is constituted from the totality of the particular material and spiritual elements that come from the historical adaptation of man in the concrete geographic conditions.
“Tara Motilor” and “Tarile” ( “the countries”) Zarandului, Beiusului are lands of Apuseni with historical resonance, in which are met valuable vestiges of the people and their fight for national and social liberty, as well as ethnographic-folkloric elements of great touristic interest. From the objectives were distinguished those settled on Rosia Montana with the Roman Fortresses formed from the collapse of the roman gold mines; Baia de Aries, Abrud, Zlatna, all old mining centers. Alba Iulia with the most representative monuments from feudal époque, Geoagiu (the antique Germisara with remains of the roman thermals)
A special place trough the touristic objective of Apuseni is filled by important events, connected with the revolt of Horea, Closca and Crisan (1784) and the Revolution from 1848 and especially legendary personalities of Horea and Avram Iancu ( from the sights are remarked those from Campeni, Abrud, Avarm Iancu, Tebea, Halmagiu, Baia de Cris). Alba Iulia, although settled outside the mountainous area presents numerous vestiges connected with this and which come from its function of “entering gate” in the world of Apuseni. In the complex of the “fortress” are sheltered a series of objectives, trough the most significant are: Catedrala Reintregirii (real “pearl” of Romanian architecture dedicated to the great fact from December the 1st, 1918), Palatul Princiar (“the Princely Palace”, XIV century) Portile Cetatii (“the gates of the fortress”), the equestrian statue of Mihai Viteazu, the obelisk of Horea, Closca and Crisan, the History Museum, the Union Hall.
A vividly touristic interest create the monuments of popular architecture, imposing trough traditional houses with a pronounced archaic character, gilder-made with puckered roofs (especially on Aries and Ampoi valleys) and the religious places wood- made (Almas, Saliste, Criscior, Luncsoara). The “butinarit” (work in the forest) and pottery as ancient occupations made this places known in other parts of the county; the settlements from Aries valley and on the low area of Cris: for ceramics Leheceni, Vadu Crisului, Saliste and for “butinarit” (” butini, spete, tulnice – old wood-wind popular musical instrument, bote -wood-made container used for liquids transportation”) at Arseni, Albac, Bulzesti.
The popular cloths, the tissues and the embroideries, trough its great diversity based on provenience areas, represent elements of great touristic attraction ( Zorand, Beius, Tara Motilor and parts of Huedin)
The tourism of Apuseni Mountains is completed by the folkloric manifestations from which we remark “Targul de fete from Gaina Mountain, “targul Sarutului si al florilor” from Halmagiu, “Nedea” from Tacasele.
The tourism for transit and trips is mostly met in this area; therefore people built inns, complexes, chalets and touristic halting places in regions of great interest (Padurea Craiului and Gilau inns, Valea Draganului, Fantanele-Belis, Valea Frumoasa touristic complexes, Garda, Lupa, and Izvorul Crisului halting places.
The means of communication represent an indispensable condition for normal capitalization of the touristic potential. The roads are represented by the circular layout: Oradea-Cluj Napoca- Alba Iulia-Deva-Arad-Oradea, crossing the annexes Turda-Campeni and Oradea-Beius-Brad-Deva. From there some others with important touristic centers ramify in the interior of the mountainous area: Campeni-Abrud-Zlatna-Alba Iulia-Albac-Huedin. The railway facilitates the access trough the lines Beius-Vascau-Ineu-Brad-Deva, Alba Iulia-Zlatna and Turda-Campleni-Abrud.
The growth of the accommodation capacities and the modernization of the means of access (specially the roads) determined an intensification of the flux of tourists in the wonderful area from Romania.
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